Ozone Layer Effects with CFM Release

Molina and Rowland's research showed that, unlike nearly other gases, CFMs were non chemically destroyed or readily altered in the level automated teller machine. CFMs slowly mig layd up to the stratosphere where they remained inbuilt for decades (10:2127). The two researchers concluded that CFCs are eventually broken fell by radiation, thereby releasing large quantities of chlorine (3:114). and so released, chlorine atoms could serve as a catalyst in a complex serial of reactions, part of the net issue being the conversion of ozone into oxygen (10:2127). An abridged version of the series of steps involved in converting ozone to oxygen follows:

C1+ O3 > C1O + O2; C1O + O > C1 + O2

The insinuation is that CFMs might cause significant depletion of the ozone layer (10:2127).

A radical issued by the National Academy of Sciences in 1979 stated that the potency for depletion of ozone in the stratosphere caused by the release of CFMs was greater than had been previously predicted (10:2127). The account statement projected that continued production and use of CFMs at the 1977 rate would lead to an eventual 16.5 percent depletion of stratospheric ozone. Later in 1979, project rates for ozone depletion were increased because of direct measurement of several trace chemical reactions. As a result, it has been estimated that an eventual ozone depletion rate of 18.6 percent would have resulted if CFMs had continued to be released at 1977 rates (10:

In the arctic dancingtime of 1986, ozone levels had ostensibly improved, and doubt existed as to whether the ozone raft was an unusual natural diametrical condition, or caused by CFMs (3:123). Extensive scientific expeditions to the South terminus in 1986 and 1987 linked CFMs to the ozone depletion by a chain of scientific evidence dependent on detecting the absence or presence of fine ice particles contained in polar stratospheric clouds (2:34). By 1987, the hole was so deep that ozone in some regions of the stratosphere roughly disappeared for a period in the early Antarctic spring (5:17).

Late in 1985, British scientists published findings based on ozone measurements made at the Halley Bay station in the Antarctic.

Ozone levels scan during the Antarctic springtime (September-November) were about 40 percent lower than they had been in the 1960s (3:122). The degree of seasonal ozone collapse had obviously accelerated sharply beginning in 1979. The portion of the atmosphere in which greatly diminished ozone levels were measured had expanded by 1985 to cover an area greater in size than the Continental United States (3:122). Ironically, the ozone hole was not recognized in the lag because U.S. satellite systems had been programmed to automatically reject such low ozone measurements as anomalies far beyond the error range of existing prognosticative model (3:122).

Concerns have also been addressed as to the dangers of an ozone hole developing around the North pole. The Arctic winters are not as cold as those in the Antarctic, the circumpolar circulation is intimately weaker, and the persistence of polar stratospheric clouds is far less abundant (5:18). The mobile Arctic Stratospheric Expedition, has correlated an 8 percent drop in ozone levels from 1979 to 1992 (5:19).

While the Montreal Protocol has curbed the use of CFMs and other ozone damaging pollutants, record ozone depletions in 1992 and 1993, occurred as concentrations of chlorine and bromi
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